Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says, Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor .According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happens, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.

Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down---say, after giving a band lecture—he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner, some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.

大多數(shù)人可能把樂(lè)觀定義為無(wú)休止的快樂(lè),就像水杯中永遠(yuǎn)有半杯水一樣。但是這確實(shí)是對(duì)歡樂(lè)錯(cuò)誤的定義,這是積極的心理學(xué)家們所不推崇的?！敖∪臉?lè)觀意味著要與事實(shí)相結(jié)合?！惫鸫髮W(xué)的教授塔爾?班夏哈這樣說(shuō)道。根據(jù)塔爾?班夏哈的觀點(diǎn), 現(xiàn)實(shí)的樂(lè)觀主義者是指能夠充分利用既定事實(shí)的人們,而不是認(rèn)為所有的事情都會(huì)有最好的結(jié)果。

塔爾?班夏哈運(yùn)用了樂(lè)觀的三步。（首先,）當(dāng)他感覺(jué)不好的時(shí)候—比如,在結(jié)束一場(chǎng)糟糕的演講后,他坦然承認(rèn)自己只是很普通的人。他提醒自己,并不是每次演講都能獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng),一些演講可能沒(méi)有其他的有效（并不是所有演講都有效）。其次,就是自我重建,他分析差的演講,為以后的演講學(xué)習(xí)哪些可以有助于演講而哪些不行。最后,就是透視法,那就是必須承認(rèn)在宏偉的人生藍(lán)圖中,一次演講真的什么都不算。

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（責(zé)任編輯：vstara）

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