主謂一致關(guān)系

英語(yǔ)中，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在數(shù)、性和格上應(yīng)該保持一致，但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中很容易被忽視，尤其是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間出現(xiàn)插入語(yǔ)，故考試中經(jīng)?？嫉街髦^一致。除了以上特殊名詞謂語(yǔ)有特殊要求外，現(xiàn)將主謂一致的考點(diǎn)歸納如下：

(1) 復(fù)數(shù)原則：兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上的名詞由and連接做主語(yǔ)時(shí);主語(yǔ)由both ...

and ... 連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

Baseball and swimming are usually summer sports. 棒球和游泳通常都是夏季的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。

Both bread and butter are sold in that grocery. 那個(gè)雜貨店既賣(mài)面包，也賣(mài)黃油。

(2) 就近原則： 由 either ... or ...;neither ... nor ...;not only...but also...;...or ...;there be ...等引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近動(dòng)詞的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

Not only the students but also their teacher is invited to attend the party. 受邀參加晚會(huì)的不僅有學(xué)生而且有教師。

(3) 就遠(yuǎn)原則：主語(yǔ)，+ as well as + 另一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

My mother，as well as my two brothers，has a key to the office.

我母親，還有我的兩個(gè)哥哥都有一把辦公室的鑰匙。

適用于同樣規(guī)定的其他結(jié)構(gòu)：

with...;together with...;along with...;including...;in addition to...;besides...;except...;as much as...;accompanied by ...;rather than...等。

(4) 表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)值、量度的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor. 對(duì)于窮人來(lái)說(shuō)，100美元是個(gè)不小的數(shù)目。

Twenty days has passed since I met her last time. 自從我上次見(jiàn)到她到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)過(guò)去二十天。( twenty days 這里不做整體看待，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù))

(5) and連接兩個(gè)名詞表示一個(gè)概念做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);若表示的是多個(gè)不同的概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

War and peace is a constant theme in literature. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平是文學(xué)中永恒的主題。(War and peace是一對(duì)概念，看做一個(gè)主題)

同例：ham and eggs火腿蛋 steam and bread饅頭

law and order法制 bread and butter面包黃油

apple pie and ice cream蘋(píng)果派冰激凌 folk and knife刀叉

wheel and axle 輪軸 needle and thread針線

love and hate愛(ài)與恨 egg and rice 蛋炒飯

The writer and translator is delivering a speech in our university tonight.(指同一個(gè)人)

The writer and the translator are delivering a speech in our university tonight.(指兩個(gè)人)

A black and a white dog are playing in the yard.(指兩只狗)

A black and white dog is playing in the yard.( 指一只狗)

(6) 動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞性從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

Early to bed and early to rise makes one healthy，wealthy and wise.(指“早睡早起”一件事)

To work hard is necessary 努力工作是很必要的。

What I said and did is of no concern to you. 我所說(shuō)的和所做的與你無(wú)關(guān)。

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